Interview with Frank Strong

Dr. Kirk, Here is my responses to your student’s thoughtful questions. 
I hope they are helpful.  fs
________________________________________

Q:  Do people who are blind get scared when they hear noises from people or objects near them if they didn’t know they were there (that’s when I was most scared during the simulation of being blind and using a cane).  How do they not get hurt on a daily basis?  (Christina)

Frank Strong:  Yes, people who are blind are often startled by loud and unexpected noises. However, surprises startle anyone.  Blind people are not necessarily more easily frightened than others. I haven’t noticed a lot of unusual responses to loud or unexpected noises from blind people.

In answer to your second question, blind people do not experience accidents as a result to these startling noises. However, one problem that does confront blind people is when someone who had been near a blind person quietly leaves the area. In situations as this, a blind person could be talking to a person who is no longer there. This can be rather disconcerting and embarrassing. Also a person who is blind may have difficulty identifying someone simply by their voice. It is usually good manners to identify oneself when you approach a blind person.  Some blind people have a remarkable skill for voice recognition.  However, many other blind people do not have this particular gift.

Q:  Is it rude to stop and help someone who is blind or in a wheelchair with whatever is in his/her way? (Heather)

Frank Strong:  No, it is not rude to assist anyone who needs help. A blind person with good travel skills should be able to avoid whatever obstacles are placed in front of them. A person in a wheelchair might need an object moved to clear a pathway. When in doubt about whether an action is rude or not, it is usually good manners to ask the person with a disability if they want or need assistance.  In other words, by asking the blind or otherwise disabled person whether they need help empowers the disabled person to decide whether they want the help. This interaction empowers the person with a disability and initiates a dialog.

Please bear in mind that a person who declines your help may feel they wish to do this particular task on their own.   Offering to help someone is a good thing, accepting the response and respecting the wishes of another person is even better.

Q:  How do people cope with being blind day after day without being depressed?  (John)

Frank Strong:  The way that blind people overcome the tendency or the trap of depression is by overcoming the barriers they encounter. Through training, employment and advocacy blind people like other minority groups have united to deal with and surmount the problems that they encounter. Organizations of and for the blind help blind people achieve success, independence, and life fulfillment.

Anyone can suffer from depression. The temptation toward discouragement and despair can be overwhelming, however, with a positive attitude people have and do overcome the challenges they face. It is often the case that those who encounter the greatest challenges are those who succeed the most. People like Ben Franklin, Louis Braille, Ed Roberts (the father of Independent living), and Abe Lincoln began from humble birthrights. However, their determination outstripped the widely held view that they couldn’t succeed. Perhaps the reason they succeeded was due in large part to the challenges they overcame.

Dealing with blindness is a daily and often minute to minute challenge but many blind people have succeeded in their lives. Success is perhaps the most powerful antidote to depression.

Q:   Do disabled people ever get used to having a disability or are they constantly challenged? (Allison)

Frank Strong:  Yes, people with disabilities become accustom to their challenges and design techniques which help them successfully perform activities of daily living. Although people with disabilities use different ways  to achieve the same task, we still figure out ways which work for us.

Q:  Is there a way to combat dyslexia or is it something over time people learn to recognize and then change their thought process? (Kim)

Frank Strong:  I believe that people who have dyslexia often identify techniques which help them decipher printed materials.  In addition, people with dyslexia may use techniques which help them avoid situations which require reading. Although this may not be a reading technique, it may be a coping and survival mechanism.

Q:  How can people with dyslexia focus on printed material to take college tests?  Do they get extra time to take tests? (Jeremy H.)

Frank Strong:  I believe, in some cases people with dyslexia are given additional time to take tests. However, if they are given extra time this can skew the results of the test for the overall group of individuals taking the examination. Sometimes accommodations like live readers or recorded tests can be given to people with dyslexia. These techniques often help the person with dyslexia understand and compete on equal footing with other students

Q:  Do people with dyslexia take medication to help with reading? (Jeremy M.)

Frank Strong:  No, I do not believe that people with dyslexia take medications to help with reading.

Q:  How do those that are visually impaired cross busy streets and travel around busy roadways? (Erika)

Frank Strong:  People with severe visual impairments cross the street by listening to traffic. The noise of cars going in a direction parallel to the path being followed by the blind person is the usual technique. Listening to cars idling means that a traffic light has been illuminated so therefore traffic has been stopped until the light changes.
Blind people use guide dogs and white canes to identify themselves as people who cannot see traffic. White cane safety laws are in existence throughout the United States to educate the public about the need for respecting the rights and safety of blind people traveling independently in the community.

Safe travel is a training topic which surmounts other training areas.  If a blind person can travel independently, their likelihood of success is much greater than those who cannot. We in this country prize our independence and promote the independence of others.

Obviously individuals who are employed need to travel independently and this usually requires travel in the community. Traffic is therefore a major issue for blind people and, for all pedestrians. As the number and speed of vehicles increases, the danger for all non-drivers increases as well.   Remember safety is no accident.

Q:  How can we make this campus more accessible? (Allie)

Frank Strong:  The way you can make the campus more accessible is by presenting trainings like this Disability Awareness Training (that Dr. Kirk did in class).  Also work with the disability resource center to make them aware of barriers facing people with disabilities. You may also make a personal commitment to help blind and otherwise disabled students on your campus. Many of the accommodations are at no cost and actually increase the accessibility for everybody. The campus general services agency would be a place to address specific accessibility problem areas.

Q:  How do some people who have real difficulties communicating because of a   speech disability function in their daily life? (Andro)

Frank Strong:  People who have speech disabilities often use alternative methods of communication. Devices such as augmented communication systems generate a computer like speech to communicate to others. Alternatively, a simple flip chart with pictures or hand writing can be used to communicate with others.  Gestures and body language also work for people with speech disorders.

Q:  Is it easier to be born disabled then it is to have this happen to you in your adult life? (Michelle)

Frank Strong:  I  think it is an individual experience for each person.  People with disabilities come in groups of one.  It is difficult to determine whether being born with a disability or becoming disabled is easier. Some people have uncanny talents for adapting to their environments and succeeding where others fail.  Adapting and succeeding are dependent upon the individual, his or her environment, and the expectations and acceptance of the able-bodied community.

One area that is a major concern for people with disabilities is a lack of social skills. This lack of social skills comes from a lack of opportunity and a lack of integration in the community.  Without integration and social activities, people with disabilities become more socially and physically isolated. Often social skills are mentored to young people but sometimes young people are not given the opportunity to learn these skills. These skills are not learned in a vacuum. Stimulation, experience, and expectations play major roles in developing valuable social skills.

Social skills are one of the priorities for centers for independent living.  The training of these skills help people with disabilities become better able to interact with peers, employers and the general public. If a person with a disability has good social skills, their potential for success in the community at large is greatly enhanced.

Q:  What are some ways to help a blind individual get around easier without a guide?  Is there special training or is it just all experience? (Ben)

Frank Strong:  To help a blind person travel about in an area, it is usually best to allow the blind person to grasp the guide’s arm at about the elbow area. By taking this manner of travel, the sighted person will naturally avoid barriers and, when approaching steps either going up or down, will telegraph these movements to the blind person. This sighted guide technique usually works well for assisting a blind person.  Before any help is provided, please ask the blind person if they wish to be assisted.

Q:  How do people with loss of physical dexterity count change?  How do people
with dyslexia see writing on a paper/how do they read it? (Nicole)
      
Frank Strong:  People with fine motor- skill impairments count change with some difficulty due to their disability. Many times they prepare for purchases by having the funds ready for exchange to the store clerk. Sometimes the person with the fine-motor skill impairment will be assisted by another person or the store clerk.

How do people with dyslexia see items on paper, they often see writing as garbled or laid out in an awkward or jumbled fashion. Sometimes their disability is so severe that they cannot read print. However, people with dyslexia often can decipher printed material through concentration and practice.  Keeping messages simple is always a plus.
 
Q:  How does someone with a sight disability know they are in the right place?
(Kelly) 
  

Frank Strong:  A person with a vision disability knows they are in the right place by
asking someone or being familiar with the environment’s landmarks.  I recall one blind individual who needed to find a particular house in an older part of town. This individual used landmarks like sidewalks, steps and even the siding on the house to identify the proper home. Sometimes sounds like street traffic and gentle breezes in the environment serve as landmarks.  A reliable landmark is a set of wind chimes.

Q:  What services are available for someone with a disability? (Audra)

Frank Strong:  The services for people with disabilities are nearly as varied as people with disabilities themselves. People with disabilities can receive a relatively small number of services such as medication management and housekeeping chores to live independently. In other situations, individuals may receive many, many services throughout their lives.  Services vary widely from independent living services to training to job placement services.

People with disabilities receive training which helps them learn activities of daily living. In addition, people with disabilities are served through state funded Department of Vocational Rehabilitation programs and also through the veteran’s administration. These programs are eligibility based and are dependant upon a person’s severity of disability, likelihood of success in a job and, availability of funds. Originally vocational rehabilitation programs were designed for soldiers returning from World War II. These programs have been expanded over the decades to serve people who have not had military experience. Some of your taxes go to support these programs. These programs help people with disabilities return to or achieve gainful employment so that they can live successful independent and fulfilling lives.

Independent Living centers provide services which include peer support, advocacy, information and referral, and independent living skills training. Centers for Independent Living were created on a college campus and are primarily training and advocacy programs for people with all kinds of disabilities.  There are 600 centers for independent living in the United States.

Thanks for the Memories...

Dear Class,
I just want to say I really enjoyed teaching/facilitating the Diversity class and appreciate your willingness to "get out of your box" and share your thoughts, experiences, concerns, etc. with your classmates and me.  I think the class blog was a huge success (although scary for all of us at the beginning) and plan to use it again in the future.  Thank you Mike Sansone for making the blog possible.  Also, a special thanks to all the guest speakers who were willing to be so open and answer our questions on sensitive issues dealing with diversity.

Please keep in touch at [email protected] with any questions or successes!  I wish you all the best.

Delaney J. Kirk, Ph.D., SPHR, Professor of Management, Drake University

Check Out These Articles On Diversity

"No matter who you are, you're going to have to work with people who are different from you. You're going to have to sell to people who are different from you, and buy from people who are different from you, and manage people who are different from you"... J.T. "Ted" Childs Jr., IBM's vice president of global workforce diversity. 

"The United States of 2016 will find itself in the throes of demographic shifts that will upend our political, economic, and technological priorities and redefine our markets. From our age distribution to the color of our skin, we will look dramatically different."  fastcompany.com

"Cellphone company Helio LLC has an intriguing new approach: developing new products and services for mainstream customers by working with a minority client base.  Helio doesn't just market its products and services to a Korean American customer base (the traditional marketing play), it mobilizes them to develop new products and services that can then be marketed to a more mainstream American clientele. And its making more traditional service providers like T-Mobile worry."  blog.fastcompany.com

Class on Monday, June 26

NOTE:  The following blogpost is from Jen (She has set up our speaker for Monday as an additional assignment).  Please answer her question after class on Monday.
Throughout Class, we have talked about "split second" decisions and the power of first impressions.  As stated in the book, "Blink" and research done with the Race IAT, our brains make a mental picture/impression of someone in a little over 2 seconds.  We have also discussed how someone's diversity status is most powerful when it is appearance based. How does this apply to religious diversity?  In class on Monday, June 26, Rabbi Jacobson, owner of MacCabees Glatt Kosher Deli Grocery and a well respected orthodox Rabbi, will come to class and speak about the Jewish Faith. He will also discuss being a business owner and how he deals with his very diverse clientel.  Judaism has three main interpretations of the religious doctrine: Reform, Conservative and Orthodox. The Orthodox sect follows the religious doctrine as it was written and has their own interpretation of both written and oral traditions. Orthdoxy is then further broken down into sub-sects that have their own interpretations of the religious doctrine.

I have known Rabbi Jacobson since I was very young; while going through the Hebrew School system in Des Moines,  I was his pupil.  Rabbi Jacobson is an extremely passionate man about his faith and other diversities.  He is well respected and admired in the Jewish Community.

My question to the class is : what do you instantly think of when someone uses the terms : "Jew," or "Jewish."  Did these stereotypes/biases change after meeting the Rabbi?  Share your reactions.

"Now I Get It. They're Not Wrong, They're Just Different"

As noted by Dennis Archer (the 1st black to be elected president of the American Bar Association), “Comfort with diversity is one of the most critical skills today’s college graduates can possess.”   One way to do that is to hear and understand each other's stories.  Think back over the various speakers, videos, activities, and discussions had in the last six weeks.  What would you say are your top three "Aha" moments in this class?  Share your thoughts.

A List of Videos To Use As Training Tools

Tonight in class Preston Daniels told us about his run for office and having to campaign without disclosing his race.   As he said, he did not want people to vote for him because he was black OR to vote against him because he was black--he wanted to run on his own merit.  Hearing the stories of our guest speakers as well as each other's stories this summer has helped us understand what it means to be perceived as "different."  Last week during the class presentations (Research project #2), Regan made the comment that, "watching this video helps you see just how ignorant racism is."

I would like to develop a list of videos dealing with race, gender, and culture that could be used in diversity training.  List one movie you would recommend to others in a diversity class/training workshop (other than those already used in class).  Include 1-2 paragraphs about the video and what it is about and then discuss how it could be used in the workplace.

Class on Wednesday, June 21

Our guest speaker on June 21 is former Des Moines mayor, Preston Daniels.  His ability to build cooperation and consensus on an innovative strategic plan for the capital city resulted in $1.5 billion in new investments. Today the Mayor’s record of distinguished public service continues with his involvement as board member of the Iowa Council for International Understanding, the Brown/Black Forum, the Education Committee for the Male Responsibility Project, the Iowa Asian Alliance, and as Co-Chair of the 2004 Jr. AAU in Des Moines.

Preston Daniels’ professional career includes over 20 years experience managing innovative human service programs. As a Diversity Consultant for Employee & Family Resources, Daniels is an accomplished organizational consultant and a sought-after facilitator and keynote speaker to local, national, and international groups. He is a graduate of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government and is certified by Diversity Training University International. Daniels provides comprehensive cultural competency programs to leading employers. His work as a Certified Diversity Consultant includes:

• assisting organizations in the diagnosis of barriers to inclusion;
• identifying cultural competency gaps;
• developing strategic plans to increase inclusion and productivity;
• designing & conducting diversity training; and
• facilitating organizational change.

Preston has recently been appointed by the Iowa Department of Cultural Affairs to a three-year term on its Cultural and Entertainment District Advisory Committee.

Diversity Based on Gender Orientation

In tonight's class, our guest speaker Jonathan Wilson shared his personal story of telling his family, friends, and co-workers that he is gay.  An article in today's Chronicle of Higher Education titled, The Ins and Outs of the Closet, is by a college professor at a Catholic University who discusses the difficulty of telling his students that he is gay. 

Read the Chronicle article and then share your reactions to it and to tonight's speaker.  What could you do to make your workplace more inclusive, regardless of gender orientation?

Class on Monday, June 19

Our guest speaker on June 19 will be Jonathan Wilson, an attorney in private practice with a large law firm in Des Moines.  He was married for 25 years and has two grown children and one grandchild.  For many years, Mr. Wilson served as a member of the Des Moines School Board, several times as its president or vice president.  He also served for many years on the National School Boards Association Board of Directors and as the Chairperson of the national Council of Urban Boards of Education.

He came out publicly as a gay man on January 24, 1995, at 10:24 pm during a special school board meeting that was televised state-wide.  He was defeated in his bid for re-election in the fall of that year.  Two years ago, he was nominated by the Governor to serve on the State Board of Education, an appointment that requires Senate confirmation.  Of some 300 pending appointments, all were confirmed except Mr. Wilson's.

Afterwards we will be discussing how to build better relationships with your boss and co-workers who may be of different cultures, race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation.

Impact of First Impressions and Stereotypes on E-mails

As we continue our discussion on stereotypes and first impressions, Carole has forwarded me a link to an interesting article titled,  “It's All About Me: Why E-Mails Are So Easily Misunderstood” with interesting implications for minorities and women.  According to researchers, there are three major problems with using email:

Email does not give us cues such as tone of voice, facial expressions, and body language.

The ability to instantly reply to email leads people to think and write quickly without thinking through what they're saying and how it might be perceived.

If you have not developed a personal rapport with the other person, communicating by email can create problems when you disagree or have conflict.

"According to one study, e-mail users have only a 50-50 chance of correctly interpreting the intended tone of an e-mail."  First impressions and stereotypes cause us to assign intent or assumptions that are not necessarily true.

How to avoid problems with email?  "Read it aloud in the opposite way you intend, whether serious or sarcastic.  If it makes sense either way, revise."   And if you are discussing sensitive issues or having a conflict with the other person, communicate in person or by phone.

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